Silicon Valley Bank
Silicon Valley Bank Collapse
Estimated impact: $209B
SVB collapsed after a bank run triggered by unrealized losses on its long-duration bond portfolio. Management had concentrated deposits in the tech/VC sector and invested heavily in long-term treasuries and MBS without adequate interest rate hedging, anchoring to the prolonged low-rate environment.
Decision context
Whether to hedge interest rate risk on the held-to-maturity bond portfolio or maintain unhedged positions as rates began rising rapidly in 2022.
Biases present in the decision
Toxic combinations
- Status Quo Lock
Reference class base rates
Across all 146 curated case studies in our library:
Lessons learned
- Anchoring to a decade of near-zero interest rates caused management to treat rising rates as a temporary anomaly rather than a regime change.
- Concentrated depositor bases in a single industry amplify run risk when that industry faces a downturn.
- Recency bias in risk models that rely on recent low-volatility periods systematically underestimate tail risks.
Source: Federal Reserve Board Review of the Federal Reserve's Supervision and Regulation of SVB (2023) (Case Study)
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